Heating will not change the color of composite materials andvenhances its stability. Heating the composite resin is effective in the reduction of color change after long time immersion in coffee solution.

REFERENCES

1. Color stability, opacity and degree of conversion of pre-heated composites – Fabrício Mariano Mundim, Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia, Diogo Rodrigues Cruvinel, Fabrício Augusto Lima, Luciano Bachmann, Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri Pires-de-Souza
2. The effect of preheating of composite resin on its color stability after immersion in tea and coffee solutions: An in-vitro study – Farideh Darabi, Ali Seyed-Monir, Sanaz Mihandoust, Dina Maleki

There is no significant increase of pupal temperature when using heated composite.

REFERENCES

1. Effect of Pre-heated Composite on In-Vitro Intrapulpal Temperature Rise – M. Daronch
2. Influence of Initiator System and Temperature on Real Time Double Bond Conversion – K. Vogel
3. Use of Near-IR to Monitor the Influence of External Heating on Dental Composite Photopolymerization – J. W. Stansbury

The use of heated composite as a luting cement for inlays and onlays can be reccomended, it showed less linear shrinkage and polymerization force. Concerns about seating due to vicosity are not justified.

REFERENCES

1. Cementing Porcelain Restorations With a Warmed Composite Resin Containing a Rheological Modifier – T A Hess
2. Luting of Inlays, Onlays, and Overlays with Preheated Restorative Composite Resin Does Not Prevent Seating Accuracy – P. Magne, M. Razaghy, M. A. Carvalho and L. M. Soares
3. Porcelain Laminate Veneer Insertion Using a Heated Composite Technique – Gregg A. Helvey, DDS
4. Influence of Pre-Heating Regular Resin Composites and Flowable Composites on Luting Ceramic Veneers with Different Thicknesses –  Lucas de Oliveira Tomaselli, Dayane Carvalho Ramos Salles de Oliveira, Jamille Favarão, Ariel Farias da Silva, Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri Pires-de-Souza, Saulo Geraldeli, Mário Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti
5. Influence of pre-heating and ceramic thickness on physical properties of luting agents. –  Michele O Lima, Anderson Catelan, Giselle M Marchi, Débora Anl Lima, Luís Rm Martins, Flávio Hb Aguiar

Heated composite demonstrated higher flexural strength and adhesion to dentin.

REFERENCES

1. Effect of intermediate agents and pre-heating of repairing resin on composite-repair bonds – Papacchini F., Magni E., Radovic I., Maxxitelli C., Monticellia F., Goracci C., Polimeni A., Ferrari M.
2. Effect of pre-cure temperature on the bonding potential – Amerigo Cantoro, Cecilia Goracci, Federica Papacchini, Claudia Mazzitelli, Giovanni Maria Fadda, Marco Ferrari
3. Flexural Strength of Preheated Resin Composites and Bonding Properties to Glass-Ceramic and Dentin – Matthias Richard Kramer, Daniel Edelhoff and Bogna Stawarczyk
4. Thermal and bioactive optimization of a unidose 3-step etch-and-rinse dentin adhesive – Pascal Magne, DMD, PhD and Adriana Lemos Mori Ubaldini, DDS, MS
5. Effect of Pre-heating on Microtensile Bond Strength of Composite Resin to Dentin –  A. Davari, A. Daneshkazemi, B. Behniafar, M, Sheshmani

Reheating or extended heating of composite does not effect monomer conversion values.

REFERENCES

1. Effect of Repeated and Extended Heating on Conversion of Composites – M. Daronch
2. Effect of Specimen Temperature on the Polymerization of a Resin-composite – Richard B. Price, J.M. Whalenb, Thomas B. Price  Christopher M. Felix, John Faheye

Heating composite did NOT alter the mechanical properties but provided enhanced adaptations to the preparation wall.

REFERENCES

1. Composite Pre-heating: Effects on marginal adaptation, degree of conversion and mechanical properties – Nívea Regina Fróes-Salgadoa, Luciana Maria Silvaa, Yoshio Kawanob, Carlos Franccia, Alessandra Reisc, Alessandro D. Loguercio
2. Effect of multiple preheating cycles on hardness of composite materials – A. Pokorny
3. Effect of Precuring Warming on Mechanical Properties of Restorative Composites – Kareem Nada, Omar El-Mowafy
4. Effect of Preheating and Fatiguing on Mech Prop of Comp Resin – AA Abdulmajeed
5. Effect of Preheating and Precooling on the Flexural Strength and Modulus – F Sharafeddin
6. Effect of Pre-Heating on Some Physical Properties of Composite Resin – Myoung Uk Jin, Sung Kyo Kim
7. Effect of Pre-heating on the Viscoelastic Properties of Dental Composite Under Different Deformation Conditions – Kyung Hyun Ahn, Sanghyuk Lim, Kee Yeon Kum and Seok Woo Chang
8. Effect of Pre-heating on the Viscosity and Microhardness of a Resin Composite – S. Lucey, C. D. Lynch, N. J. Ray, F. M. Burke & A. Hannigan
9. Pre-heating mitigates composite degradation – Jessika Calixto da SILVA, Rogério Vieira REGES, Inara Carneiro Costa REGE, Carlos Alberto dos Santos CRUZ, Luís Geraldo VAZ, Carlos ESTRELA, Fabrício Luscino Alves de CASTRO
10. Effect of pre-heating methods and devices on the mechanical properties, post-gel shrinkage, and shrinkage stress of bulk-fill materials – Maria Tereza Hordones Ribeiro, Gabriel Felipe de Bragança, Laís Rani Sales Oliveira, Stella Sueli Lourenço Braga, Helena Letícia Quirino de Oliveira, Richard Bengt Price, Carlos Jose Soares

Higher temperatures and shorter cure times of heated composite led to lower sorption and solubility values.

REFERENCES

1. Temperature and Curing Time Affect Composite Sorption and Solubility – Fabricio Luscino Alves de Castro, Bruno Barbosa Campos, Kely Firmino Bruno, Rogerio Vieira Reges